Silicosis is caused by breathing in high concentrations of silica dust over many years or in some cases shorter periods of more intense exposure. It is a disease that gets worse over time as lung scarring occurs. The main contributor is crystalline silica in the form of quartz, cristobalite, or tridymite. It can cause scar tissue that make it difficult to breathe.
Silicosis affects the immune system so exposure may lead to lung infections, such as tuberculosis. It may also increase the chances of developing lung cancer, COPD, and kidney disease. Diagnosis should be done by a physician. Testing may include chest x-ray, pulmonary function testing, bronchoscopy, arterial blood gas, and in rare occasions, a lung biopsy.
Industries where workers may be exposed include:
- Concrete mixing and cutting
- Sandblasting
- Brick and stone cutting
- Foundry work
- Construction
- Mining and quarrying
- Hydraulic fracturing in oil and gas industries
- Pottery and glass making
There is no cure for silicosis and no medications that can reverse the lung damage that has been done. Reducing and controlling exposure to silica dust is the only effective defense against silica-related lung disease:
- Comply with OSHA and MSHA regulations on respirable crystalline silica.
- Substitute less hazardous materials.
- Perform air monitoring.
- Install and maintain effective engineering controls such as exhaust ventilation and dust collection systems, wet methods, and enclosed cabs.
- Supply vacuums with HEPA filters.
- Reduce dust through effective work practice.
- Select proper respiratory protection.
- Train workers in the health effects and prevention of exposure to Respirable Crystalline Silica.
- Provide medical monitoring.
The dangers of exposure to silica and silicosis have been recognized as far back as the ancient Greeks. Unfortunately, it is still a prevalent health issue. It is important that employers and employees recognize the dangers of silicosis and take steps to prevent it.
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