Occupational exposures to radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) at high levels may occur in workplaces used in broadcasting, telecommunication, security and identification, remote sensing and the heating and drying of goods. Radiofrequency includes electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields (RF EMF) with frequencies from 100 kHz to 300 GHz. An RF electromagnetic wave has both an electric and a magnetic component (electric field and magnetic field).
The Federal Commerce Commission states that hazardous effects can occur from rapidly heating of tissue by RF energy. The use of microwave ovens used to cook food is an example of the effects of heating. Two areas of the body, the eyes and the testes, are particularly vulnerable to RF heating because of the relative lack of available blood flow to dissipate the excess heat load.
There is no definitive evidence that exposure to RF radiation at low levels where significant heating occurs has harmful effects., i.e., levels lower than those that would produce significant heating. Some studies that link RF exposure and cancer have been inconclusive. OSHA does not have any standards for occupational exposure to radio frequency. However, the International Commission for Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) does have suggested limits.
OSHA does recommend an RF Protection Program that should include:
- Utilization of RF source equipment which meet applicable RF and other safety standards.
- Hazard identification and periodic surveillance.
- Identification and Control of RF Hazard Areas.
- Implementation of controls to reduce RF exposures to levels in compliance with applicable guidelines including the establishment of safe work practice procedures.
- RF safety and health training.
- Employee involvement.
- Appropriate medical surveillance.
- Annual reviews of the effectiveness of the program.
- Assignment of responsibilities.
From time to time, a study is reported to show that birth and other defects have occurred from persons living near power lines. However, results from such studies have not been duplicated. Similarly, studies that have shown harmful effects to workers, other than those working near high levels of radio frequency, have also not been repeatable. It is important that workers and employers recognize the jobs where exposure to high levels of RF are located and implement all necessary controls to protect against any negative outcomes.
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